Wednesday, 3 August 2016

Wild Snežnik

Leontopodium alpinum, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
The most typical alpine representative of Snežnik's flora.
View on Mali Snežnik (1694 m), covered with Pinus mugo, 30th July 2016 
(pic by Sara Cernich).
Campanula cochleariifolia, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016.
Snežnik's summit with the mountain hut, 30th July 2016.
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos (adult), Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016
 (first pic by Sara Cernich).
Mountain pine Pinus mugo, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
The mountain pine is covering most of the summit area 
and encroaching the precious sub-alpine grassland 
- a very biodiversity-rich habitat for plants.
(pic by Sara Cernich).
Aster alpinus, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Another typical representative of alpine flora on Snežnik. 
Found sparsely around the summit.
Edraianthus graminifolius, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Illyric/Balkanic species, in Slovenia being present on just a few locations 
(Snežnik is the stronghold).
Scabiosa silenifolia, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
In Slovenia only present on Snežnik and in Kočevsko region.
Linum julicum, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Another typical alpine species with a disjunction on Snežnik.
Achillea clavennae, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Common high-altitude species, 
present throughout the Alps and on Snežnik too.
Snežnik's northern slopes, 30th July 2016.
Mountain pine Pinus mugo, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
The very dense stands make walking on abandoned paths quite challenging. 
Here during the descend to Snežnik's north-east slopes.
Mountain pine Pinus mugo (young cones), Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016.
Leontopodium alpinum, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Beautiful and very common around the summit. 
On Snežnik grow the largest and most beautiful specimen I've ever seen.
Dianthus barbatus, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016.
Eastern slopes of Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Following an old hunter's path through the dense mountain pines Pinus mugo.
Alpine Salamander Salamandra atra, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016.
Primeval forest, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
A small piece of very old and probably virgin forest is found on Snežnik's eastern slopes. 
Large beech trees lay on the ground, fallen under the pressure of windstorms. 
A large amount of fungi is present and there's dead wood everywhere - what I call paradise!
Beech Fagus sylvatica, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
An old tree with several such holes in it.
Beech (mast) Fagus sylvatica, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Looks like a good year for beech crop - 
also noticeable by the high number of Edible Dormice Glis glis 
present in the forest at night.
Fungi sp., Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Amazing fungal formations are very common on fallen logs
 and some standing trees (pity I can't ID them).
Fomes fomentarius, Mt. Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
A common fungus growing on dead and decaying beech Fagus sylvatica
Note the woodpecker's fresh feeding hole 
(most probably Black's or White-backed's).
Beech Fagus sylvatica "tower", Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
These were perhaps the larges fungi I've ever seen. 
View south-east towards Croatia, Snežnik, 30th July 2016. 
Forests as far as the eye can see!


A few days ago I was on mount Snežnik (1796 m) in SW Slovenia with a couple of friends. Snežnik is the highest non-alpine peak in Slovenia, surrounded by extensive mixed forests (Abieti-Fagetum). The summit has a strong alpine influence, with many plants and birds, more usually associated with the Alps. For more info about the flora and biogeography of this mountain, see some previous posts here and here.
We first ascended Snežnik from its south-western slopes, then descended to the east and ascended again to the summit (after getting lost!). So we basically climbed on the mountain twice in a day, from two different directions. This way we discovered some rarely-visited (if at all!) parts of the forest (primeval patches), where we found an Alpine Salamander Salamandra atra, tons of dead wood & amazing fungi. On the bird front, the most interesting were a Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos (perched on a cliff) and several Ring Ouzels Turdus torquatus around the summit. In the thick mountain pine stand (Pinetum mugi dinaricum) some other birds were obvious: Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca, Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, Crossbill Loxia curvirostra & Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula. During the final, evening descend we first heard and then saw 3 different Ural Owls Strix uralensis (also singing "in concert") and heard a distant Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum. The forest was full of Edible Dormice Glis glis (delivering all sorts of odd noises) that made us happy. Their numbers depend on beech mast production and consequently, a large density of dormice will support greater numbers of their main predators: owls. In these forests Ural Owl is the most typical dormouse-hunter, so in the coming months we will probably notice an increase in this species as well.

Monday, 25 July 2016

Summer wildlife & karstic caves

Hoopoe Upupa epops (juvenile), 
Karst near Trieste, 24th July 2016. 
Quite frequent (but still declining) bird in the Karst, 
inhabiting mostly dry stony grassland and pastures.
Eryngium amethystinum
Slovenian Karst, 18th July 2016. 
The most typical late-summer flower on stony karstic meadows.
Digitalis laevigata
Slovenian Karst, 18th July 2016. 
Scarce plant found only in some parts of the Karst. 
In the area of Divača I found it growing quite commonly.
Spiranthes aestivalis
Bloško polje, 22nd July 2016. 
Very rare orchid species in Slovenia, only found on Bloško polje - 
a wetland area with a meandering river in the Notranjska region.
Epipactis palustris
Bloško polje, 22nd July 2016. 
Beautiful summer orchid of wet meadows and damp forests.
Cuckoo Cuculus canorus (juvenile), 
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016.
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
Habitat of the Apollo butterfly Parnassius apollo, which has a small and isolated population on these rocky slopes. Most of the Slovene population of this endangered and declining butterfly is found in the Julian Alps.
Sedum album
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
Feeding plant for caterpillars of Apollo Parnassius apollo.
Sempervivum tectorum
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
Very common, but always attractive plant of rocky limestone habitats all over the Karst.
Zygaena carniolica (or similar), 
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016.
Satyrus ferula - female (left) & male (right), 
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
Rare butterfly of dry rocky grassland of the High Karst in western Slovenia.
Argynnis aglaja
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
Very common, together with A. paphia.
Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
A typical plant of High Karst meadows, found on sunny, grassy slopes. 
Nowadays it's not as common as it used to be.
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
Grassy pastures are confined to the very edge of the limestone plateau. 
The Golaki mountains (in the Trnovo forest) are standing in the back.
Epipactis atrorubens
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016.
Otliško okno (Otlica "window"), 
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
A natural "window" between two massive limestone blocks, 
through which you can enjoy spectacular views over the Vipava valley.
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos
Southern edge of Trnovski gozd, 19th July 2016. 
A nest with two chicks (just about to leave) is present in one of the cliffs above the Vipava valley.
 Amazing to see one of the parents bringing a prey into the nest and feeding the chicks. Later also perched in full view on a nearby tree.
Fomitopsis pinicola
Menišija plateau, 22nd July 2016. 
Forest fungi growing on conifers.
Fomes fomentarius
Menišija plateau, 22nd July 2016. 
In Slovenia, a common fungi found on old and decaying beech trees Fagus sylvatica.
Fungus sp. 
Menišija plateau, 22nd July 2016.
Entrance to Grotta Azzurra/Pečina na Leskovcih, 
Trieste Karst, 15th July 2016.
Troglophilus neglecta
Grotta Azzurra/Pečina na Leskovcih, Trieste Karst, 15th July 2016. 
Common cave grasshopper. In Slovenia, also T. cavicola is present.
Natural entrance and stalactites at Torri di Slivia cave (Pejca v Lascu), 
Trieste Karst, 20th July 2016. 
A nice, small cave, close to Trieste, which in terms of cave phenomena and beauty 
is comparable to the more famous Postojna, Grotta Gigante, Škocjanske jame ect.
"Curtain" stalactites in Torri di Slivia cave (Pejca v Lascu), 
Trieste Karst, 20th July 2016.
Mighty stalagmites & stalactites at Torri di Slivia cave (Pejca v Lascu), 
Trieste Karst, 20th July 2016.


Recently I've been around various places in western Slovenia and also locally on the Karst, visiting some caves - excellent places where to escape during the summer heat! Hope to visit some more in the coming months and see some interesting cave animals. 
My main obsession at the moment is seeing this. Tried a few places in the past weeks, but unsuccessfully. Hope to catch up with one of these amazing and rare Natura 2000 beetles soon!