Alpine grouse adventure

After several months spent mostly locally in the Karst, it was finally time for something more "exotic". The Alps offer an excellent array of wildlife and spring is certainly the best time to get the most of it. Later in summer, it's still good to visit the Alps, especially the highest peaks, although birds tend to be more difficult to observe, while the greatest entertainment is represented by the alpine flora and butterflies. In May and early June birds put on a great show and are somehow easier to observe. The mountains are also very quiet at this time of year, as the hiking season hasn't opened yet and most of the mountain huts are still closed. In spring we only visit the Alps sporadically, so this year we decided to go looking for some birds we don't see very often. This two-day trip represented a very welcome diversion from our usual field trips in the Karst. Our main target was to visit the courtship lek of Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix, a relatively widespread bird in the Alps, although a seldom seen one. The easiest time to see this bird is certainly spring, when small groups of males gather at leks (courtship arenas), where they sing, display and fight over females. One of the best areas for Black Grouse are the Julian Alps within the Triglav National Park and that's exactly where we headed. As the visit to a lek is a dawn-type of thing, we needed to be up in the mountains already the evening before. Therefore we left the car in the afternoon, hiked to a mountain hut where we spent the night and then woke up well before dawn for an additional 1,30 hour hike to the Black Grouse lekking area.

Cold coffee prepared the day before and left to settle through the night.

Night hike to grouse heaven.

Waking up at 3.30 am was well worth it! As we started our ascent from about 1400 m a.s.l., towards the lekking arena at around 1600 m, we first walked through the alpine spruce forest, where the first birds of the day began to sing. We expected to hear first a Song Thrush Turdus philomelos or a Robin Erithacus rubecula, but instead the first to open the dawn chorus were two Pygmy Owls Glaucidium passerinum (video below) and an unlikely Cuckoo Cuculus canorus. Almost at the same time we heard a distant, but characteristic "clicking" - we couldn't believe our ears: it was a singing CAPERCAILLIE Tetrao urogallus!! Although the sound was faint, apparently the bird was not very far away, as we could also hear the "hissing" in between the clicking notes. Given the early time (it was still dark) the bird must have been singing from a tree. We listened to this magical sound for a couple of minutes, before moving on.

Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum - two singing birds.

 

The time when Capercaillies sing.

Later on the way a third Pygmy Owl joined the chorus, while other birds like Song Thrush, Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros and Robin began to sing. About half an hour before sunrise addtional early birds started to sing, including a Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus and Ring Ouzels Turdus torquatus, while an Alpine Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra crossed our path. As we were approaching the Black Grouse lek area, we began to hear their distinctive bubbling songs. The forest opened and we found ourselves in a beautiful stand of larches Larix decidua with heath Erica carnea in the undergrowth. And finally we arrived to the lek, on the edge of a mountain pasture. We soon located the first displaying male BLACK GROUSE Lyrurus tetrix, then the second, the third... and so on. We sat quietly, hidden behind a rock at safety distance (about 50 metres away from them) and enjoyed the spectacle for the next couple of hours. More males joined the lek later, flying in from various directions and at the end we counted 11 birds. To get the proper feeling about the experience, make sure you watch the video below!

Sunrise at the Black Grouse lek.

Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix- watch the video in HD and turn on the volume! 

The sound is original - produced by the displaying grouses.

 

Mission accomplished!

Early morning views of the surrounding mountains.

As the sun rose higher, between 7.30 and 8.00 the courtship display began to fade. The Black Grouse males lowered and folded their tails and then one by one began to abandon the lek, by flying off quite noisily. The great show was over, but for us there was plenty of other wildlife to enjoy in the alpine pasture and on the way back to our base. A quite interesting bird of the larch stands is the relatively scarce and often difficult to observe Lesser Redpoll Carduelis flammea ssp. cabaret. We were glad to find a cooperative pair that showed very well in the larches.

Lesser Redpoll Carduelis flammea ssp. cabaret

 

Typical Lesser Redpoll habitat.

Also around were many Crossbills Loxia curvirostra and several Ring Ouzels Turdus torquatus, plus a Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes as well as the usual mountain mix of common birds including Dunnock Prunella modularis, Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Willow Tit Poecile montanus, Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca and others. A Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus was also heard, while later we were surprised by an immature Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos gliding very low above our heads, while a Marmot Marmota marmota whistled at its passage (a typical alpine scene!). The tail end of bird migration was still visible in the sky with the occasional migrating Bee-eater Merops apiaster, flying over the mountains. In the several drinking pools around the pastures we observed good numbers of Alpine Newts Ichthyosaura alpestris and even caught a nice male to take a closer look.

Crossbill Loxia curvirostra

Alpine Newt Ichthyosaura alpestris (male)

Although the best time to enjoy the alpine flora is later in the season, many of the early flowers were already in fine bloom. Spring Heath Erica carnea was awesome as were Oxlips Primula elatior, Alpine Pasqueflowers Pulsatilla alpina and Spring Gentians Gentiana verna, while the limestone rocks were dotted by Bear's Ears Primula auricula, Trumpet Gentians Gentiana clusii and small shrubs of Dwarf Alpenrose Rhodothamnus chamaecistus. Lower down in the mixed mountain forests plants like Alpine Clematis Clematis alpina and Three-leaved Anemone Anemone trifolia were also in fine bloom. All in all an excellent mixture of alpine plants to enrich this super-productive trip!

Spring Heath Erica carnea

Alpine Pasqueflower Pulsatilla alpina

Alpine Snowbell Soldanella alpina

Oxlip Primula elatior

Globeflower Trollius europaeus

Spring Gentian Gentiana verna

Pyramidal Bugle Ajuga pyramidalis

Dwarf Alpenrose Rhodothamnus chamaecistus

Trumpet Gentian Gentiana clusii

Bear's Ear Primula auricula

Alpine Clematis Clematis alpina

Three-leaved Anemone Anemone trifolia

Anthill (Wood Ant Formica rufa).

Views on the surrounding mountains, with Triglav in the lower pic.

One of the many alpine pastures (at around 1600 m a.s.l.).

Sleepy but happy!

May in the local patch

Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus (male) - part of a flock of 6.

Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica over the garden (above) & an active nest near Divača (below).

Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus - always difficult to get proper pics of.

Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus in the garden.

Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius - two pairs with chicks in the local patch.

Cuckoo Cuculus canorus - the quintessential sound of spring in the forest.

Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major - nesting in the woodland behind the house.

Beech Longhorn Beetle Morimus funereus

 

Dalmatian Algyroides Algyroides nigropunctatus

Badger Meles meles (camera-trapped) by its sett in the woodland behind our house.

Field Cricket Gryllus campestris stridulating night & day in the garden.

 

Marsh Fritillary Euphydryas aurinia

Forester Moth Adscita sp.

Queen of Spain Fritillary Issoria lathonia in the garden.

Large Wall Brown Lasiommata maera

Violet Carpenter Bee Xylocopa violacea - up to 3 using our home-made
bee nest-boxes in the garden.

Wild Peony Paeonia mascula - rare, in shady broadleaved woodlands.

Common Peony Paeonia officinalis - common in open woodlands & scrubland.

Grass-leaved Iris Iris graminea

Burnt-tip Orchid Neotinea ustulata

Military Orchid Orchis militaris

Orchid mix - on 1,2 ha of meadow we counted 502 Military and 158 Burnt-tip Orchids.

Three-toothed Neotinea tridentata x Military Orchid Orchis militaris (hybrid).

Violet Limodore Limodorum abortivum

Narrow-leaved Helleborine Cephalanthera longifolia

White Helleborine Cephalanthera damasonium

Orchard with sheep.

Cherries are just ripening in the garden.

A more concise photo-post today, because of the lack of time - with all the fieldwork it's increasingly difficult to spend time on the PC. Above are some of the pics taken recently in our garden and the local patch area, in the Karst around Sežana (up to 10 km away from home). Among the most interesting sights in the garden were 4 Red-rumped Swallows Cecropis daurica, while a pair of this very rare breeder took up residence under a bridge near Divača. At least two Common Redstarts Phoenicurus phoenicurus are holding territory around our house. The karstic hay meadows now usually host small flocks of stop-over Red-footed Falcons Falco vespertinus. Two pairs of Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius have nestlings and the activity around the nest-holes is very intense. Also quite a lot of butterflies, insects and interesting plants to keep us occupied. Hopefully more in the next blog post. Keep tuned!